USE AdventureWorks2012;
GO
INSERT INTO Production.UnitMeasure
VALUES (N'FT2', N'Square Feet ', '20080923'), (N'Y', N'Yards', '20080923'), (N'Y3', N'Cubic Yards', '20080923');
GO

USE AdventureWorks2012;
GO
CREATE TABLE Sales.MySalesReason(
SalesReasonID int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
Name dbo.Name NULL ,
ReasonType dbo.Name NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Not Applicable' );
GO
INSERT INTO Sales.MySalesReason 
VALUES ('Recommendation','Other'), ('Advertisement', DEFAULT), (NULL, 'Promotion');

SELECT * FROM Sales.MySalesReason;

SELECT a, b FROM (VALUES (1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (7, 8), (9, 10) ) AS MyTable(a, b);
GO
-- Used in an inner join to specify values to return.
SELECT ProductID, a.Name, Color
FROM Production.Product AS a
INNER JOIN (VALUES ('Blade'), ('Crown Race'), ('AWC Logo Cap')) AS b(Name) 
ON a.Name = b.Name;

USE AdventureWorks2012;
GO
-- Create a temporary table variable to hold the output actions.
DECLARE @SummaryOfChanges TABLE(Change VARCHAR(20));

MERGE INTO Sales.SalesReason AS Target
USING (VALUES ('Recommendation','Other'), ('Review', 'Marketing'), ('Internet', 'Promotion'))
       AS Source (NewName, NewReasonType)
ON Target.Name = Source.NewName
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET ReasonType = Source.NewReasonType
WHEN NOT MATCHED BY TARGET THEN
INSERT (Name, ReasonType) VALUES (NewName, NewReasonType)
OUTPUT $action INTO @SummaryOfChanges;

-- Query the results of the table variable.
SELECT Change, COUNT(*) AS CountPerChange
FROM @SummaryOfChanges
GROUP BY Change;